俗話(huà)說(shuō)“一天之計在于晨,一年之計在于春”。
雅思寫(xiě)作的開(kāi)頭段也有相同的道理,寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭段對寫(xiě)作整體的得分有舉足輕重的作用。根據自己多年的經(jīng)驗,給出了寫(xiě)好雅思作文開(kāi)頭的幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法:很多國內的考生受到寫(xiě)中文作文或者傳統英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的影響,寫(xiě)一篇文章的開(kāi)頭段時(shí)總是想要盡力抓住考官的眼球,不停地擺弄自己還不成熟的詞匯和句型,結果非但沒(méi)有得到想要的分數,反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我們要如何在最短的時(shí)間內,以最簡(jiǎn)單以及最能得分的方式寫(xiě)出好的作文開(kāi)頭段呢?其實(shí)我們可以把雅思寫(xiě)作題目中的提問(wèn)方式分成四個(gè)大類(lèi):觀(guān)點(diǎn)類(lèi)(opinion essay)、討論類(lèi)(discussion essay)、優(yōu)劣勢類(lèi)(advantage and disadvantage essay)和報告類(lèi)(report)。每一種提問(wèn)方式的題目都有自己不同的開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay觀(guān)察觀(guān)點(diǎn)類(lèi)題目的特征,我們不難發(fā)現,此類(lèi)題型的特征是題目有且只有一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。而題目要求我們回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
所以只要確定好自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)出來(lái)。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我們選擇同意此觀(guān)點(diǎn),可以根據“背景句+直接轉述題目+個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接轉述題目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn))如果選擇不同意題目觀(guān)點(diǎn),則可以用“although”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行改寫(xiě),得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接轉述題目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn))Part 2 Discussion Essay觀(guān)察討論類(lèi)的題目,可以發(fā)現,這樣的題目會(huì )有兩個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn),并且題目要求“討論雙方觀(guān)點(diǎn)”和“給出自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)”。這樣的題目中,其實(shí)只用在開(kāi)頭段中寫(xiě)出背景句和轉述雙方觀(guān)點(diǎn)就好了,至于個(gè)人的觀(guān)點(diǎn),可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.這個(gè)題目的開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)為:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方觀(guān)點(diǎn))However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方觀(guān)點(diǎn))Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay優(yōu)劣勢的題目,一般而言都會(huì )給出一個(gè)現象或者是趨勢,這又剛好和我們開(kāi)頭段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在優(yōu)劣勢文章的開(kāi)頭段的時(shí)候就沒(méi)有必要再寫(xiě)背景句了,直接轉述題目就可以了。但是要表達出自己的“優(yōu)大于劣”或者“劣大于優(yōu)”的觀(guān)點(diǎn),只需要用一句話(huà)就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其實(shí)report最簡(jiǎn)單,因為通常題目和優(yōu)劣勢文章一樣,會(huì )給出一個(gè)現象或趨勢,所以開(kāi)頭段的組成部分就只有改寫(xiě)題目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲線(xiàn)圖常用模板的全部?jì)热荩瑢η€(xiàn)圖的寫(xiě)作步驟和常用的句型等都進(jìn)行了描述。
大家可以適當的記憶和應用一下。
考生在寫(xiě)雅思大作文開(kāi)頭時(shí)應注意以下三大要素: 要素之一: Restatement of the Topic (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文的題目都會(huì )給出相關(guān)情景或話(huà)題,在首段中應先對題目中的情景或話(huà)題進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。)
方法一:改寫(xiě)。即按照雅思寫(xiě)作題目所給的內容,用不同的表達方法重新寫(xiě)一遍,千萬(wàn)不能抄襲。
但改一兩個(gè)詞不算改寫(xiě),一定要將整個(gè)表達方式改掉。 方法二:自己展開(kāi)。
即根據雅思寫(xiě)作題目所談到的話(huà)題內容適當展開(kāi),簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀壳吧鐣?huì )中的情況怎樣。但不要談得太多,更不能偏題。
這需要大量的雅思寫(xiě)作輔導,大家在私底下要勤加練習。 要素之二:Express Your Opinion (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文的題目中一般會(huì )問(wèn)你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必須與之相對應地在首段中表明你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。)
方法一:中立觀(guān)點(diǎn)。可以說(shuō)某種做法既有好又有壞;對某種觀(guān)點(diǎn)有人同意又有人不同意等等。
較好的表達如I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 方法二:一邊倒觀(guān)點(diǎn)。即直截了當地說(shuō)贊成某個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)或不贊成某個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
方法三:不表達觀(guān)點(diǎn)。即不在首段明確地表達自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),但必須要先分析一下,在最后一段表明觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
方法一在雅思寫(xiě)作考試中用得最多;方法二適中;方法三用得比較少。 要素之三:No Excessive Background (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文首段中只要涵蓋以上兩要素即可,不要寫(xiě)過(guò)多不相干的展開(kāi)內容,更不要將理由寫(xiě)進(jìn)去,否則主體段就沒(méi)內容寫(xiě)了。)
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段要素一:現象句
雅思寫(xiě)作考題中會(huì )出現一個(gè)社會(huì )現象,考生的任務(wù)就是在自己文章的第一句話(huà)將之改寫(xiě),重述這個(gè)社會(huì )現象。 E.g.1
Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
It is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段總結——套句+同義詞替換:more and more= a large amount of E.g.2
Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old.Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?
In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段總結——
主被動(dòng)之間的轉換:should be allowed to stay at home = start their primary school同義詞的替換:until they are six or seven years old = at the age of six or seven E.g.3
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying 。
個(gè)人覺(jué)得,自己看書(shū)不如找老師點(diǎn)撥一下,可以省很大的力氣,愛(ài)預科老師點(diǎn)撥專(zhuān)業(yè),雅思也有很多年的經(jīng)驗了。
比如這道題目:
越來(lái)越多的公司領(lǐng)導是老年人,你覺(jué)得好還是不好?
運用因果邏輯轉述題目所構成的開(kāi)頭段為:
因為老年人經(jīng)驗比較豐富,越來(lái)越多的公司領(lǐng)導是老年人。然而我反對這種觀(guān)點(diǎn),并認為年輕人比較合適。
這種開(kāi)頭方式有兩個(gè)好處:首先可以擺脫套句嫌疑,其次很容易在考場(chǎng)上想到開(kāi)頭段的內容,節省開(kāi)篇時(shí)間。
每個(gè)人的情況不同,也可以登錄文都國際教育官網(wǎng)進(jìn)行一對一的咨詢(xún)。
當然,并不是所有題目都適合用因果關(guān)系來(lái)開(kāi)頭,比如題目:
科學(xué)家和游客都喜歡去偏遠的地方,你覺(jué)得好還是不好?
由于題目涉及到兩個(gè)主題,因此很難用一個(gè)原因解釋清楚,這種時(shí)候就可以采用第二種開(kāi)頭方式:轉折方式,也就是盡管+但是。盡管后面接的是考生自己陳述的內容,但是后面接原題的改寫(xiě)。我們試一下上面這道題:
開(kāi)頭段:
盡管偏遠的自然環(huán)境充滿(mǎn)危險,但是科學(xué)家和游客依然喜歡去這些地方。然而我反對這種行為。
再試一道題:
很多人覺(jué)得住在大城市對身體健康有害,你同意與否。
開(kāi)頭段:
盡管大城市生活比較便捷,但還是有很多人覺(jué)得住在大城市對身體健康有害,我贊成這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
要注意背景句后一定要加上自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),直接表達同意與否,不需要再次陳述一遍題目。有些同學(xué)詞匯量不夠無(wú)法轉述題目,再次陳述題目就會(huì )有抄襲的嫌疑。
以上的題目都是陳述單一現象或觀(guān)點(diǎn),雅思大作文還有一種題目是直接給出對比的雙方,比如這道題:
有些人覺(jué)得老年人更適合當領(lǐng)導,而有些人覺(jué)得年輕人更適合,你同意哪一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)?
這時(shí)候開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)成:
盡管老年人比較固執,但是仍然有人認為老年人更適合當領(lǐng)導。我反對這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)并認為年輕人更適合這個(gè)角色。
這種開(kāi)頭段可以在背景句中闡述一方觀(guān)點(diǎn),在觀(guān)點(diǎn)句中闡述另一方觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
這里要注意,在雅思議論文中,如果題目中出現了雙方觀(guān)點(diǎn),那么無(wú)論你自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是什么,你的行文中一定要涵蓋對雙方觀(guān)點(diǎn)的陳述。
當然,開(kāi)頭段的寫(xiě)作方式不僅僅“因為+所以”以及“盡管+但是”兩種方式。只要合乎邏輯,不抄襲題目,不用套句,怎樣的開(kāi)頭段都可以。不過(guò)如果你還不會(huì )寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段,這兩種方式是最容易上手并節省時(shí)間的,不妨試一試吧!
我只讀了小小一部分,但卻能看出法布爾眼中的昆蟲(chóng)是可愛(ài)的、有感情的。今天,我是通過(guò)法布爾的眼睛,享受這份讀書(shū)的樂(lè )趣;而法布爾為此付出一生的艱苦勞動(dòng),我們無(wú)法體會(huì )。我們只有用心去品味這書(shū)中的精華,才能對他所研究的昆蟲(chóng)有更深一層的認識.
書(shū)本就像我們的老師一樣是明月、是繁星、是燈,為我們指亮前方道路上所需的精神知識。所以,同學(xué)們也讓我們一起快樂(lè )讀書(shū)吧,讓我們遨游于知識的海洋。俗話(huà)說(shuō)“書(shū)中自有黃金屋,書(shū)中自有顏如玉”,讓我們一起努力!加油!同學(xué)們,為了我們的未來(lái)而努力讀書(shū),在書(shū)本中品
很多考生拿到大作文考題都不知道如何動(dòng)筆去寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段,有的會(huì )把題目原封不動(dòng)抄下來(lái),但如果這樣做,在統計作文字數時(shí),第一段就不被統計在內了。
實(shí)際上大作文的第一段是情景鋪墊,在這一段要點(diǎn)明這篇文章要討論/解決什么問(wèn)題及問(wèn)題的背景。作文的首段通常包含以下幾個(gè)方面: 1)場(chǎng)景或背景信息,即題目中出現的phenomenon。
2)一些人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)(some people's opinion),這部分在改寫(xiě)文章首段時(shí)可要可不要,考生可按照自己的情況來(lái)安排。 3)個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn),這一部分在有些文章的開(kāi)首段中也可以不要。
大作文要求字數至少達到250字,在寫(xiě)作中考慮到字數的合理安排,第一段最好寫(xiě)3-5句話(huà),大約40字左右,并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么話(huà)都說(shuō)完。因此大作文開(kāi)首方式通常有以下幾種情況: 1)題目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon),有時(shí)也出現一些人的觀(guān)點(diǎn),并且題目中字數較多。
這種情況下最保險的辦法是將題目中的背景信息及一些人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)重新表達(paraphrase),可以做: ●主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ●主謂賓主系表 ●某些近義詞互換 Example: At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree? → The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation. Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business than on traditional courses like history and geography. 其后再加考生自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)即可。 2)題目中包含了背景信息,有時(shí)出現一些人的觀(guān)點(diǎn),但題目中字數較少,若直接重新表達,字數湊不到40字左右。
這種情況下我們有2種開(kāi)首方式來(lái)保證字數。 ◆把籠統信息細節化即通過(guò)舉例來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明題目中的背景信息。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →The acceleration of globalization and high-tech development contributes to International tourism's gaining momentum virtually all over the world. Each year,millions of tourists from other countries swarm into china to appreciate the scenery and Chinese traditional culture. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)即可。 ◆追溯歷史,過(guò)去與現在形成對比。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →Prior to the early 1900s, the proportion of people traveling abroad was considerably low and the majority of them preferred domestic travel. However, the advent of the motorized flight has greatly changed our life and it makes international traveling more convenient. International tourism is gaining momentum and has become a big industry. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)即可。 3)題目中僅出現一部分人的觀(guān)點(diǎn),而沒(méi)有背景信息。
這種情況下,我們可以根據這部分人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)所涉及的信息在開(kāi)首段附加對背景信息的描述。 Example: The best way to solve the world's environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. Do you agree or disagree? →In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the scope of environmental problem facing the world is getting immense. From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and China new solutions to this problem are being proposed, tried and implemented. Some people believe increasing the price of fuel is the best approach to this problem. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)即可。
另外考生要注意開(kāi)首段一定要避免出現語(yǔ)法錯誤,因為如果語(yǔ)法錯誤影響文章的理解,那會(huì )給考官留下極差的第一印象,而考官也就沒(méi)有信心繼續往下讀了,最終大作文的得分也不會(huì )很高。
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