一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著(zhù)他(he),她(she),它(it)。
單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫(xiě)莫忘記。
二.this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱(chēng)代詞。(2)距離說(shuō)話(huà)人近的人或物用this, 距離說(shuō)話(huà)人遠的人或物用that。
如:This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處) That is a tree. 那是一棵樹(shù)。
(遠處)(3)放在一起的兩樣東西,先說(shuō)this, 后說(shuō)that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。
那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō)This is…, 不說(shuō)That is…。
如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。(5)This is 不能縮寫(xiě), 而That is可以縮寫(xiě)。
如:This is a bike. That's a car. 這是一輛自行車(chē)。那是一輛轎車(chē)。
(6)打電話(huà)時(shí),介紹自己用this, 詢(xún)問(wèn)對方用that。如:—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?—Yes, this is. Who's that? 是的,我是,你是誰(shuí)?注意:雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用“我”和“你”,但英語(yǔ)中打電話(huà)時(shí)絕不可以說(shuō):I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。
如:①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。②—What's that? 那是什么?—It's a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。
三.these和those用法 this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復數形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復數形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠或前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。①This is my bed. That is Lily's bed. 這是我的床。
那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good. 那些畫(huà)很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋(píng)果樹(shù)嗎?在回答主語(yǔ)是these或those的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復。如:④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋(píng)果嗎?Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。
四.不定冠詞a和an a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強調數量概念,而是強調類(lèi)別,用來(lái)限定名詞。a用在輔音素開(kāi)頭的單數名詞前,如:a pencil(一支鉛筆),a book(一本書(shū));an用在元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前,如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。
如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),用a還是用an,則以該修飾語(yǔ)的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書(shū) an English book 一本英語(yǔ)書(shū) a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛(ài)的蘋(píng)果 an apple 一個(gè)蘋(píng)果 五.名詞+'s所有格 名詞+'s所有格 單數名詞后直接加 “ 's ” Jim's coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff's mother杰夫的媽媽 以s結尾的復數名詞,只加“'” Teachers' Day教師節 the twins' books雙胞胎的書(shū) 不以s結尾的不規則的名詞復數,加“ 's ” Children's Day 兒童節 men's shoes男式鞋 表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's 表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加's Lucy and Lily's mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽?zhuān)ü餐膵寢專(zhuān)粋€(gè)媽媽?zhuān)?Lucy's and Kate's rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子) 六.There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表達“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。”
其基本結構為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結構:There be放句首,主語(yǔ)跟在后。
地、時(shí)放句末,強調置前頭。如:There is a book on the desk.有時(shí)為了強調地點(diǎn),也可把介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。
如:On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣:Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。
要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數還是復數。若是單數或不可數名詞用is,否則就用are。
如:①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。
若那個(gè)名詞是單數或不可數名詞要用is,是復數就用are。如:①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.七.like一詞的用法 like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。
(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著(zhù)重于習慣、愛(ài)好。如:Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著(zhù)重于某次具體的行為。如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書(shū),但我今晚想看電視。
八.一般現在時(shí) 一般現在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現在的特征、狀態(tài)。當主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱(chēng)單數時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞的一般。
so+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ):…也一樣. 謂語(yǔ):be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 2. so+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ):的確如此,真的這樣. 3. help yourself/yurselves to。
請隨便吃點(diǎn)。 4. 發(fā)現sb做sth : find sb doing sth 5. 不完全同意I don't really agree. 完全不同意I really don't agree. 6. 或者..或者。
either…or…..就近原則 既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則 既。.又。
both…and….謂語(yǔ)用復數 7. 看起來(lái),似乎It seems/seemed that….. 8. 由于。而聞名be famous for…. 9. 餐館就餐用語(yǔ):a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here's the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That's all. 10. 問(wèn)路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…? 11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個(gè)路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right 12. 過(guò)橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge 13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end. 14. at the street corner在街角 15. on sb's way to….在sb去…的途中/路上 16. what's the matter?=what's wrong?=what's the trouble?怎么了? 17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/臥床 18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里. 19. It takes/took/will take sb+時(shí)間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時(shí)間 20. 路途遙遠It's (5 kms)far(away) from…=That's quite a long way. 21. wait for…等待 22. 五分鐘的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes' walk/drive 23. 迷路lose sb's way/sb be lost/sb get lost 24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時(shí) 25. 首先f(wàn)irst of all=at first 26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市 27. It's easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對sb來(lái)說(shuō))做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的. 28. if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:從句一般現在時(shí),主句一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo. 29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部 30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly. 31. 為…做準備get /be ready for… 32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth 33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。 35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架 36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴 37. 生病用語(yǔ):sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌癥。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃藥,每天3次 39. take sb's temperature 量體溫,look over 醫生檢查病人 40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉 41. sb醒來(lái): sb wake up, //sb 醒著(zhù)的:sb be awake 42. sb 睡著(zhù)了入睡 be/fall asleep 43. 忙著(zhù)…bu busy doing/with sth 44. as soon as… 一… 就 。 45. sleeping pills安眠藥,light music 輕音樂(lè ) 46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次 47. dream about…夢(mèng)見(jiàn)…; dream of… 夢(mèng)想成為… 48. 系動(dòng)詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become 49. make trouble制造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音 50. every five minutes 每隔5分鐘 51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而 52. write to sb. 寫(xiě)信給sb 53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開(kāi)朗 54. on time 準時(shí);in time 按時(shí) 55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth 56. land on …登陸 57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來(lái) 58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等 59. we're all by ourselves=we're alone.單獨,獨自 60. feel a little afraid/don't be afraid. 有點(diǎn)害怕/別害怕 61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能 62. not …until… 直到…才… 63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚 64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了 65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完 66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管 67. 我自學(xué)英語(yǔ)learn English by myself= teach myself English 68. learn to do sth 學(xué)會(huì )… 69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫(xiě)日記 write a diary 70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb 71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨 72. 越來(lái)越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。
如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting 73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級,the +比較級。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better 74. turn on/off 開(kāi)/關(guān)(電器),turn up/down音量開(kāi)大/小 75. the whole story=all the story整個(gè)故事,整件事情 76. 過(guò)了一會(huì )兒after a while/moment 77. make faces 做鬼臉 78. 名勝,景點(diǎn)interesting places=places of interest 79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家 80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday 81. a strong wind大風(fēng);in the wind 在風(fēng)里 82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth 83. 倒裝句(為了強調)There he is./ Away he went. 84. with these words. 說(shuō)完這些話(huà),說(shuō)著(zhù)說(shuō)著(zhù)(伴隨狀語(yǔ))。
85. I don't know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。 where to go. 我不知道該去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道該做什么。 86. wait for 。
八年級下冊新目標英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)及句型總匯(二)2009-05-25 09:02常見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞、分詞的習慣用法總結
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如: 1.He is watching TV in the room.
2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞后面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下結構中
1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事;
2. finish doing sth;完成做某事;
3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事;
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來(lái)的事)
5. forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事;
6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來(lái)的事);
7. remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事;
8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事;
9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing發(fā)現/看到/聽(tīng)到/觀(guān)看某人做
10. try doing sth 試圖做某事;
11. need doing sth 需要做某事;
12. prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事;
13. mind doing sth 介意做某事;
14. miss doing sth 錯過(guò)做某事;
15. practice doing sth 練習做某事;
16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事;
17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事;
18. waste time/money doing 浪費時(shí)間/金錢(qián)做…;
19. keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜歡做A更喜歡做B
22. “do some +doing”短語(yǔ)
如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23.“go doing”短語(yǔ)去做某事(主要指文娛活動(dòng)等)
如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的常見(jiàn)搭配:
I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom
so+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ):…也一樣. 謂語(yǔ):be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 2. so+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ):的確如此,真的這樣. 3. help yourself/yurselves to。
請隨便吃點(diǎn)。 4. 發(fā)現sb做sth : find sb doing sth 5. 不完全同意I don't really agree. 完全不同意I really don't agree. 6. 或者..或者。
either…or…..就近原則 既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則 既。.又。
both…and….謂語(yǔ)用復數 7. 看起來(lái),似乎It seems/seemed that….. 8. 由于。而聞名be famous for…. 9. 餐館就餐用語(yǔ):a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here's the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That's all. 10. 問(wèn)路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…? 11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個(gè)路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right 12. 過(guò)橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge 13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end. 14. at the street corner在街角 15. on sb's way to….在sb去…的途中/路上 16. what's the matter?=what's wrong?=what's the trouble?怎么了? 17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/臥床 18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里. 19. It takes/took/will take sb+時(shí)間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時(shí)間 20. 路途遙遠It's (5 kms)far(away) from…=That's quite a long way. 21. wait for…等待 22. 五分鐘的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes' walk/drive 23. 迷路lose sb's way/sb be lost/sb get lost 24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時(shí) 25. 首先f(wàn)irst of all=at first 26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市 27. It's easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對sb來(lái)說(shuō))做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的. 28. if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:從句一般現在時(shí),主句一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo. 29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部 30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly. 31. 為…做準備get /be ready for… 32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth 33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。 35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架 36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴 37. 生病用語(yǔ):sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌癥。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃藥,每天3次 39. take sb's temperature 量體溫,look over 醫生檢查病人 40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉 41. sb醒來(lái): sb wake up, //sb 醒著(zhù)的:sb be awake 42. sb 睡著(zhù)了入睡 be/fall asleep 43. 忙著(zhù)…bu busy doing/with sth 44. as soon as… 一… 就 。 45. sleeping pills安眠藥,light music 輕音樂(lè ) 46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次 47. dream about…夢(mèng)見(jiàn)…; dream of… 夢(mèng)想成為… 48. 系動(dòng)詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become 49. make trouble制造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音 50. every five minutes 每隔5分鐘 51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而 52. write to sb. 寫(xiě)信給sb 53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開(kāi)朗 54. on time 準時(shí);in time 按時(shí) 55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth 56. land on …登陸 57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來(lái) 58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等 59. we're all by ourselves=we're alone.單獨,獨自 60. feel a little afraid/don't be afraid. 有點(diǎn)害怕/別害怕 61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能 62. not …until… 直到…才… 63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚 64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了 65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完 66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管 67. 我自學(xué)英語(yǔ)learn English by myself= teach myself English 68. learn to do sth 學(xué)會(huì )… 69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫(xiě)日記 write a diary 70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb 71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨 72. 越來(lái)越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。
如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting 73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級,the +比較級。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better 74. turn on/off 開(kāi)/關(guān)(電器),turn up/down音量開(kāi)大/小 75. the whole story=all the story整個(gè)故事,整件事情 76. 過(guò)了一會(huì )兒after a while/moment 77. make faces 做鬼臉 78. 名勝,景點(diǎn)interesting places=places of interest 79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家 80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday 81. a strong wind大風(fēng);in the wind 在風(fēng)里 82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth 83. 倒裝句(為了強調)There he is./ Away he went. 84. with these words. 說(shuō)完這些話(huà),說(shuō)著(zhù)說(shuō)著(zhù)(伴隨狀語(yǔ))。
85. I don't know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。 where to go. 我不知道該去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道該做什么。 86. wait for sb's turn to do 。
我這里有個(gè)介詞口訣:早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、點(diǎn)與分。
年、月、年月、季節、周,陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、冒in。
將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)in。以后,小處at大處in。
有形with無(wú)形by,語(yǔ)言、單位、材料in。
特征、方面與方式,心情成語(yǔ)慣用in。
介詞at和to表方向,攻擊、位置
詞性 中文
1 what pron 什么
2 is v 是
3 what's what is的縮寫(xiě)形式
4 your pron 你的,你們的
5 name n 名字
6 my pron 我的
7 I pron 我
8 am v 是
9 I'm I am的縮寫(xiě)形式
10 in prep 在。里(內,上)
11 row n (一)排,(一)行
12 one num 一
13 number n 數字,號碼
14 two num 二
15 too adv 也
16 three num 三
17 are v 是
18 you pron 你,你們
19 yes adv 是
20 four num 四
21 five num 五
22 no adv & adj 不,不是
23 not adv 不
24 hi interj 喂(問(wèn)候或喚起注意)
25 class n (學(xué)校里的)班級,年級
26 grade n 年級
27 six num 六
28 seven num 七
29 eight num 八
30 nine num 九
31 ten num 十
32 zero num & n 零
33 plus prep 加,加上
34 it pron 它
35 it's it is的縮寫(xiě)形式
36 how adv (指程度)多少,怎樣
37 old adj 。歲的,老的
38 eleven num 十一
39 twelve num 十二
40 minus prep 減,減去
41 thirteen num 十三
42 fourteen num 十四
43 fifteen num 十五
44 hello interj 喂(問(wèn)候或喚起注意)
45 please interj 請
46 can v.aux 能,可以,會(huì )
47 spell v 拼寫(xiě)
48 that pron 那,那個(gè)
49 secret n 秘密
50 this pron 這,這個(gè)
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