如:This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處) That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。
(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this, 后說that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。
那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…, 不說That is…。
如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。
如:This is a bike. That's a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this, 詢問對(duì)方用that。如:—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?—Yes, this is. Who's that? 是的,我是,你是誰?注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。
如:①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。②—What's that? 那是什么?—It's a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。
三.these和those用法 this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。①This is my bed. That is Lily's bed. 這是我的床。
那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如:④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。
如果名詞前有修飾語,用a還是用an,則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書 an English book 一本英語書 a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛的蘋果 an apple 一個(gè)蘋果 五.名詞+'s所有格 名詞+'s所有格 單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ 's ” Jim's coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff's mother杰夫的媽媽 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“'” Teachers' Day教師節(jié) the twins' books雙胞胎的書 不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ 's ” Children's Day 兒童節(jié) men's shoes男式鞋 表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's 表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加's Lucy and Lily's mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽) Lucy's and Kate's rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子) 六.There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)?!?/p>
如:①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。
若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.七.like一詞的用法 like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。
(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
both…and….謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that….. 8. 由于。而聞名be famous for…. 9. 餐館就餐用語:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here's the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That's all. 10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…? 11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個(gè)路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right 12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge 13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end. 14. at the street corner在街角 15. on sb's way to….在sb去…的途中/路上 16. what's the matter?=what's wrong?=what's the trouble?怎么了? 17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/臥床 18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里. 19. It takes/took/will take sb+時(shí)間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費(fèi)了…時(shí)間 20. 路途遙遠(yuǎn)It's (5 kms)far(away) from…=That's quite a long way. 21. wait for…等待 22. 五分鐘的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes' walk/drive 23. 迷路lose sb's way/sb be lost/sb get lost 24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時(shí) 25. 首先first of all=at first 26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市 27. It's easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對(duì)sb來說)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的. 28. if 條件狀語從句:從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句一般將來時(shí)。
如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo. 29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部 30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly. 31. 為…做準(zhǔn)備get /be ready for… 32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth 33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。 35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架 36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴 37. 生病用語:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌癥。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃藥,每天3次 39. take sb's temperature 量體溫,look over 醫(yī)生檢查病人 40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉 41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的:sb be awake 42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep 43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth 44. as soon as… 一… 就 。 45. sleeping pills安眠藥,light music 輕音樂 46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次 47. dream about…夢(mèng)見…; dream of… 夢(mèng)想成為… 48. 系動(dòng)詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become 49. make trouble制造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音 50. every five minutes 每隔5分鐘 51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而 52. write to sb. 寫信給sb 53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開朗 54. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí);in time 按時(shí) 55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth 56. land on …登陸 57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來 58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等 59. we're all by ourselves=we're alone.單獨(dú),獨(dú)自 60. feel a little afraid/don't be afraid. 有點(diǎn)害怕/別害怕 61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能 62. not …until… 直到…才… 63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚 64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了 65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完 66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管 67. 我自學(xué)英語learn English by myself= teach myself English 68. learn to do sth 學(xué)會(huì)… 69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫日記 write a diary 70. leave sb by oneself 單獨(dú)留下sb 71. join in the League/Party 入團(tuán)/黨 72. 越來越…:比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí); more and more +多音節(jié)詞。
如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting 73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí)。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better 74. turn on/off 開/關(guān)(電器),turn up/down音量開大/小 75. the whole story=all the story整個(gè)故事,整件事情 76. 過了一會(huì)兒after a while/moment 77. make faces 做鬼臉 78. 名勝,景點(diǎn)interesting places=places of interest 79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家 80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday 81. a strong wind大風(fēng);in the wind 在風(fēng)里 82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth 83. 倒裝句(為了強(qiáng)調(diào))There he is./ Away he went. 84. with these words. 說完這些話,說著說著(伴隨狀語)。
85. I don't know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。 where to go. 我不知道該去哪里。
both…and….謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that….. 8. 由于。而聞名be famous for…. 9. 餐館就餐用語:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here's the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That's all. 10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…? 11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個(gè)路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right 12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge 13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end. 14. at the street corner在街角 15. on sb's way to….在sb去…的途中/路上 16. what's the matter?=what's wrong?=what's the trouble?怎么了? 17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/臥床 18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里. 19. It takes/took/will take sb+時(shí)間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費(fèi)了…時(shí)間 20. 路途遙遠(yuǎn)It's (5 kms)far(away) from…=That's quite a long way. 21. wait for…等待 22. 五分鐘的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes' walk/drive 23. 迷路lose sb's way/sb be lost/sb get lost 24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時(shí) 25. 首先first of all=at first 26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市 27. It's easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對(duì)sb來說)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的. 28. if 條件狀語從句:從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句一般將來時(shí)。
如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo. 29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部 30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly. 31. 為…做準(zhǔn)備get /be ready for… 32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth 33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興 34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。 35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架 36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴 37. 生病用語:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌癥。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃藥,每天3次 39. take sb's temperature 量體溫,look over 醫(yī)生檢查病人 40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉 41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的:sb be awake 42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep 43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth 44. as soon as… 一… 就 。 45. sleeping pills安眠藥,light music 輕音樂 46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次 47. dream about…夢(mèng)見…; dream of… 夢(mèng)想成為… 48. 系動(dòng)詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become 49. make trouble制造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音 50. every five minutes 每隔5分鐘 51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而 52. write to sb. 寫信給sb 53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開朗 54. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí);in time 按時(shí) 55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth 56. land on …登陸 57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來 58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等 59. we're all by ourselves=we're alone.單獨(dú),獨(dú)自 60. feel a little afraid/don't be afraid. 有點(diǎn)害怕/別害怕 61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能 62. not …until… 直到…才… 63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚 64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了 65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完 66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管 67. 我自學(xué)英語learn English by myself= teach myself English 68. learn to do sth 學(xué)會(huì)… 69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫日記 write a diary 70. leave sb by oneself 單獨(dú)留下sb 71. join in the League/Party 入團(tuán)/黨 72. 越來越…:比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí); more and more +多音節(jié)詞。
如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting 73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí)。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better 74. turn on/off 開/關(guān)(電器),turn up/down音量開大/小 75. the whole story=all the story整個(gè)故事,整件事情 76. 過了一會(huì)兒after a while/moment 77. make faces 做鬼臉 78. 名勝,景點(diǎn)interesting places=places of interest 79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家 80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday 81. a strong wind大風(fēng);in the wind 在風(fēng)里 82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth 83. 倒裝句(為了強(qiáng)調(diào))There he is./ Away he went. 84. with these words. 說完這些話,說著說著(伴隨狀語)。
85. I don't know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。 where to go. 我不知道該去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道該做什么。 86. wait for sb's turn to do 。