1.The Ox and the Dog An ox and a dog serve for the same farmer.One day the dog arrogantly says: “How grand I am! In the daytime, I watch out for the cattle in the meadows; at night, I guard the house. But you…” “Me? How about me ?” the ox says “You can only plough or draw a cart,” the dog slightly says. “Yes. It's true,” the ox says. “But if I don't plough, what do you guard?” 一頭牛和一只狗同時(shí)為一個(gè)農夫工作。
狗驕傲地說(shuō)著(zhù);'我是多么重要啊!白天我在牧場(chǎng)看護家群,晚上我看家。而你呢…..?” “我?我怎么啦?“ 牛反問(wèn)。
“你只會(huì )犁地或是拉扯。”狗不懈地說(shuō)。
“是的。你說(shuō)得沒(méi)有錯,”牛回答道。
“但是如果沒(méi)有我犁地,你看護什么呢?”2. A Good Boy Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. "What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?" "I gave it to a poor old woman," he answered. "You're a good boy," said the mother proudly. "Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?" "She is the one who sells the candy." 【中文譯文】 好孩子 小羅伯特向媽媽要兩分錢(qián)。“昨天給你的錢(qián)干什么了?” “我給了一個(gè)可憐的老太婆,”他回答說(shuō)。
“你真是個(gè)好孩子,”媽媽驕傲地說(shuō)。“再給你兩分錢(qián)。
可你為什么對那位老太太那么感興趣呢?” “她是個(gè)賣(mài)糖果的。”3.tooth extraction “I'm sorry ,Madam ,but I shall have to charge you twenty dollars for pulling your boy's tooth .” “Twenty d ollars! Why ,I understand you to say that you charged only four dollars for such work!” “Yes,but this youngster yelled so terribly that he scared four other patients out of the office .” 拔牙 “對不起,夫人,為您孩子拔牙我要收取20美元。”
“20美元!為什么?不是說(shuō)好只要4美元。” “是的,但是你的孩子大喊大叫,把另外四個(gè)病人嚇跑了。”
4. One morning a fox saw a cock.He thought,"This is my breakfast.'' He came up to the cock and said,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The cock was glad.He closes his eyes and began to sing.The fox saw that and caught him in his mouth and carried him away. The people in the field saw the fox.They cried,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.'' The cock said to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.'' The fox opened his mouth and said,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock ran away from the fox and fled into the tree. 一天早上,一只狐貍看到了一只公雞。他想:這是我的早餐。
他朝公雞走來(lái),對他說(shuō):“我知道,你能唱得非常好聽(tīng),你能唱給我聽(tīng)么?”公雞很高興。他閉上眼睛開(kāi)始唱歌。
狐貍看到這些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人們看到了狐貍。
大喊大叫:“看,看!狐貍抓住公雞逃走了。”公雞對狐貍說(shuō):“狐貍先生,你能理解么?人們認為你叼走了公雞。
告訴他們這是你的,不是他們的。” 狐貍張開(kāi)她的嘴說(shuō):“公雞是我的,不是你們的。”
就在那時(shí),公雞逃離了狐貍的嘴巴,跑到了樹(shù)底下。5. Making His Mark “刻舟求劍” A man from the state of Chu was taking a boat across a river when he dropped his sword into the water carelessly. Immediately he made a mark on the side of the boat where the sword dropped, hoping to find it later. When the boat stopped moving, he went into the water to search for his sword at the place where he had marked the boat. As we know, the boat had moved but the sword had not. Isn't this a very foolish way to look for a sword?楚國有個(gè)人坐船渡江時(shí),他不小心把自己的一把寶劍掉落江中。
他馬上掏出一把小刀,在寶劍落水的船舷上刻上一個(gè)記號。船靠岸后,那楚人立即從船上刻記號的地方跳下水去撈取掉落的寶劍。
他怎么找得到 寶劍呢?船繼續行駛,而寶劍卻不會(huì )再移動(dòng)。像他這樣去找劍,真是太愚蠢可笑了。
6. 狗屋 The Dog' House 英語(yǔ)小故事大道理:It's easy to put off today what can be done tomorrow. 人們總是今天吧今天應做的事拖到明天 In the wintertime, a Dog curled up in as small a space as possible on account of the cold, determined to make himself a house. However when the summer returned again, he lay asleep stretched at his full length and appeared to himself to be of a great size. Now he considered that it would be neither an easy nor a necessary work to make himself such a house as would accommodate him.英語(yǔ)小故事帶翻譯: 冬天時(shí),有一只狗由于寒冷,盡可能地把身子蜷成一團,他下決心一定要為自己建一所房子。可是夏天到來(lái)的時(shí)候,狗伸直了身子躺著(zhù)睡覺(jué),把身體盡可能伸展開(kāi)。
現在 他覺(jué)得為自己建個(gè)適合自己的房子來(lái)住實(shí)在不容易,也沒(méi)有那個(gè)必要。7.Sleeping Pills Bob was having trouble getting to sleep at night. He went to see his doctor, who prescribed some extra-strong sleeping pills. Sunday night Bob 。
1. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
2. God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者
3. Easier said than done.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。
4. Slow and steady wins the race.穩扎穩打無(wú)往而不勝。
5. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹,長(cháng)一智。
6. Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
7. One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘,謬之千里。
8. It's never too old to learn.活到老,學(xué)到老。
9. All that glitters is not gold.閃光的未必都是金子。
10. Experience is the mother of wisdom.實(shí)踐出真知。
11. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息,聰明孩子也變傻。
12. Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.無(wú)德之美猶如沒(méi)有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。
13. More hasty,less speed.欲速則不達。
14. Rome was not built in a day.偉業(yè)非一日之功。
15. Great minds think alike.英雄所見(jiàn)略同。
16. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
17. Look before you leap.三思而后行。
18. Facts speak plainer than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
19. Call back white and white back.顛倒黑白。
20. well begun,half done.好的開(kāi)始等于成功的一半。
21. It is hard to please all.眾口難調。
22. Ill news travels fast.壞事傳千里。
23. Out of sight,out of mind.眼不見(jiàn),心不念。
24. Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能當飯吃。
25. Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。
26. First things first.凡事有輕重緩急。
27. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見(jiàn)真情。
28. To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活著(zhù)為了學(xué)習,學(xué)習為了更好的活著(zhù)。
29. live not to eat,but eat to live.活著(zhù)不是為了吃飯,吃飯為了活著(zhù)。
30. Action speaks louder than words.行動(dòng)勝過(guò)語(yǔ)言。
31. East or west,home is the best.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。
32. It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。
33. An idle youth,a needy age.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
34. As the tree,so the fruit.種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。
35. The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。
運動(dòng)英語(yǔ)小典故:10個(gè)最常見(jiàn)的表達
英語(yǔ)中有許多慣用語(yǔ) (idiom)都是源自各種運動(dòng)術(shù)語(yǔ)。這些慣用語(yǔ)除了用做字面的意思之外,經(jīng)常還含有隱喻(metaphor) 的意思。
[田徑]track and field jump the gun:(字面)偷跑。田徑比賽時(shí),裁判還沒(méi)有鳴槍?zhuān)x手就搶先起跑了。(比喻)過(guò)早采取行動(dòng)。如果用在合唱,某人提前唱出某音時(shí),就是“放炮”。
[美式足球]American football Monday morning quarterback: (字面)周一早晨的四分衛。美國電視在足球季的每個(gè)星期天都會(huì )轉播一場(chǎng)比賽。由于是現場(chǎng)節目,結果立刻分曉。等到第二天早晨看了報紙才發(fā)表‘真知灼見(jiàn)’,為時(shí)以晚矣!(比喻) 事后諸葛亮;放馬后炮。
[拳擊]boxing have a glass jaw: (字面)有個(gè)玻璃做的下顎。在拳擊賽中,下顎像是玻璃做的,一被擊中就不支倒地。(比喻) 不堪一擊。
[馬術(shù)]horseback riding get on one's high horse:(字面)騎上一匹高大的馬。從前,馬術(shù)師自以為騎馬的人高高在上,所以比用腳走路的人優(yōu)越。(比喻) 擺出傲慢的態(tài)度;擺高姿態(tài)。
[高爾夫]golf not up to par: (字面)沒(méi)有達到標準桿數。高爾夫球戲中,每一洞依難度及遠近有一標準桿數,例如第一洞的標準桿數是四桿。因此,桿數越低越好。若擊出超過(guò)標準桿數,沒(méi)有達到一般水平,就是 not up to par. (比喻)做事情沒(méi)有達到應有的標準;也可以說(shuō)是失常。注意:up to par 不用于肯定句。
[斗牛]bullfighting take the bull by the horns:(字面)斗牛比賽時(shí),斗牛士常握著(zhù)牛角以扳倒牛,這是一項艱難又危險的動(dòng)作。(比喻)采取果敢的行動(dòng)應付艱難的局面;面對困難采取行動(dòng)。雖然字面的意思上像是中文里的‘執牛耳’,而‘執牛耳’的英文卻可以用 rule the roost [roast] 來(lái)表達。
[游泳]swimming sink or swim: (字面)遇到河流時(shí),沉到水底或游泳逃生。 (比喻)不成功便成仁。
[網(wǎng)球]tennis The ball is in your court.: (字面)該由你發(fā)球了。許多運動(dòng)的場(chǎng)地以網(wǎng)隔開(kāi),并由雙方輪流發(fā)球,像網(wǎng)球、排球、羽毛球等。(比喻)輪到該你負責了;輪到你采取行動(dòng)了。
[賽馬]horse racing neck and neck: (字面)賽馬時(shí)兩馬頸部同時(shí)抵達終點(diǎn),即以平手論。(比喻)并駕齊驅?zhuān)徊环謩儇摚徊幌嗌舷拢徊环周庉e。
[籃球]basketball The game isn't over until the fat lady sings.: (字面)胖婦人未唱歌前,比賽不算結束。這是達拉斯小牛隊前教練 Dick Motta 的一句名言,指一場(chǎng)比賽緊張激烈,不到結束時(shí)刻,仍然勝負未卜。在歌劇中,往往在結束前的高潮便是由一位身材豐滿(mǎn)的女聲樂(lè )家表演。胖婦人開(kāi)始唱歌是比喻比賽將要結束。(比喻) 比賽不到最后一刻不知鹿死誰(shuí)手。
Playing the Lute to a Cow 對牛彈琴 In ancient times was a man who played the zither very well. Once, he played a tune in front of a cow, hoping that the cow would appreciate it. The tune was melodious ,but the cow showed no reaction, and just kept on eating grass. The man sighed, and went away. This idiom is used to indicate[5IndIket]reasoning with stubborn[5stQbLn]people or talking to the wrong audience。
沒(méi)有很多,我知道的有這么一些,希望能幫到你。
1,The Heel of Achilles 亦作 The Achilles' Heel 唯一弱點(diǎn);薄弱環(huán)節;要害 = deadly / fatal/ mortalThe Heel of Achilles 直譯是"阿基里斯的腳踵",是個(gè)在歐洲廣泛流行的國際性成語(yǔ).阿基里斯是希臘 聯(lián)軍里最英勇善戰的驍將,傳說(shuō)他是希臘密耳彌多涅斯人的國王珀琉斯和海神的女兒西蒂斯所生的兒子. 阿基里斯呱呱墜地以后,母親想使兒子健壯永生,把他放在火里鍛煉,又捏著(zhù)他的腳踵倒浸在冥河(Styx) 圣水里浸泡.因此阿基里斯渾身象鋼筋鐵骨,刀槍不入,只有腳踵部位被母親的手捏住,沒(méi)有沾到冥河圣 水,成為他的唯一要害.在特洛伊戰爭中,太陽(yáng)神阿波羅(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱點(diǎn)告訴了特洛伊王子帕里 斯,阿基里斯終于被帕里斯誘到城門(mén)口,用暗箭射中他的腳踵,負傷而死.因此, the Achilles' heel,常用以表示 a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault; the weakest spot 等意思.E.g.:His Achilles' heel was his pride--he would get very angry if anyone criticized his work.2,Helen of Troy "特洛伊的海倫","紅顏禍水".Helen 是希臘的絕世佳人,美艷無(wú)比,嫁給希臘南部邦城斯巴達國王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)為妻.后來(lái), 特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希臘,在斯巴達國王那里做客,他在愛(ài)與美之神阿芙羅狄蒂的幫助下,趁著(zhù)墨 涅俄斯外出之際,誘走海倫,還帶走了很多財寶此事激起了希臘各部族的公憤,墨涅俄斯發(fā)誓說(shuō),寧死也要奪回海倫,報仇雪恨.為此,在希臘各城 邦英雄的贊助下,調集十萬(wàn)大軍和 1180 條戰船,組成了希臘聯(lián)軍,公推墨涅俄斯的哥哥阿枷門(mén)農(Agame mnon)為聯(lián)軍統帥,浩浩蕩蕩,跨海東征,攻打特洛伊城,企圖用武力奪回海輪.雙方大戰 10 年,死傷無(wú) 數,許多英雄戰死在沙場(chǎng).甚至連奧林匹斯山的眾神也分成 2 個(gè)陣營(yíng),有些支持希臘人,有些幫助特洛伊 人,彼此展開(kāi)了一場(chǎng)持久的惡斗.最后希臘聯(lián)軍采用足智多謀的奧德修斯(Odusseus)的"木馬計",里應外合 才攻陷了特洛伊.希臘人進(jìn)城后,大肆殺戮,帕里斯王子也被殺死,特洛伊的婦女,兒童全部淪為奴隸. 特洛伊城被掠奪一空,燒成了一片灰燼.戰爭結實(shí)后,希臘將士帶著(zhù)大量戰利品回到希臘,墨涅俄斯搶回 了美貌的海倫重返故土.這就是特洛伊戰爭的起因和結局.正是由于海輪,使特洛伊遭到毀滅的悲劇,真 所謂"傾國傾城",由此產(chǎn)生了 Helen of Troy 這個(gè)成語(yǔ).所謂"特洛伊的海倫",實(shí)質(zhì)上是財富和商業(yè)霸權的化身.中國歷史上也有過(guò)"妲己亡商","西施沼吳" 等傳說(shuō),以及唐明皇因寵楊貴妃而招致"安史之亂",吳三桂"沖冠一怒為紅顏"等說(shuō)法.漢語(yǔ)中有個(gè)"傾國傾 城"的成語(yǔ)(語(yǔ)出《漢書(shū)外戚傳》:'一顧傾人城,再顧傾人國'.)這里的"傾"字一語(yǔ)雙光,既可指美艷非 凡,令人傾倒;也可紙傾覆邦國.其含義與 Helen of troy 十分近似.在現代英語(yǔ)中,Helen of Troy 這個(gè)成語(yǔ),除了表示 a beautiful girl or woman; a beauty who ruins he r country 等意義外,還可以用來(lái)表示 a terrible disaster brought by sb or sth you like best 的意思.3,Adam's apple 喉結根據《圣經(jīng)》記載,上帝造人之初,亞當和夏娃無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮地生活在伊甸園里.園里有一棵樹(shù),結著(zhù)許 多令人垂涎欲滴的果實(shí)——蘋(píng)果.上帝告誡兩人不要偷吃果實(shí),可是他們聽(tīng)信了蛇的讒言而抵擋不住誘惑, 偷吃了禁果.亞當在驚慌失措中將一個(gè)蘋(píng)果核卡在喉嚨里,留下一個(gè)疙瘩.作為懲罰,上帝就讓這個(gè)蘋(píng)果 核永遠留在他的喉嚨里,成為男性的喉結.這個(gè)故事伴隨《圣經(jīng)》代代相傳,家喻戶(hù)曉.后來(lái)人們就用 Ad am's apple 表示"男人的喉結".來(lái)源考試365例句:I find that your Adam's apple isn't apparent. 我發(fā)現你的喉結不明顯.4,Narcissus從前有個(gè)男孩,他的名字叫做"Narcissus"(水仙).身為一名天神的兒子他長(cháng)得十分英俊.有許多愛(ài) 慕著(zhù)他的少女向他示愛(ài)卻都被他拒絕了.在愛(ài)慕著(zhù)他的眾多少女中有位美麗的仙女做做"Echo"(回音),由于 Echo 不能正常得說(shuō)出想說(shuō)的話(huà)而只能不斷得重復別人的言語(yǔ)所以她并不能清楚的告訴 Narcissus 她對他的 愛(ài)意.有天當 Narcissus 和他的幾個(gè)朋友在森林中漫步時(shí)和其他的朋友走失了.他喊到"有人在嗎?"Echo 也 說(shuō)"有人在嗎?"Echo 上前想抱住 Narcissus 卻被 Narcissus 拒絕了 Echo 非常得傷心, 她跑到一個(gè)無(wú)人的山洞, 一直待到她的外形完全消失只剩下她的聲音能被人們所聽(tīng)到.一名女神聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這件事.她非常得憤怒,并用神力使 Narcissus 愛(ài)上了他自己.當 Narcissus 在湖泊的 水邊看到自己的影子時(shí),他頓時(shí)愛(ài)上了水中的人.他一直待在那湖邊,直到漸漸死去,在他死的地方長(cháng)出 許多的野花,這種花被人們取名叫做 Narcissus(水仙花).。
The Heel of Achilles直譯是“阿基里斯的腳踵”,是個(gè)在歐洲廣泛流行的國際性成語(yǔ)。
阿基里斯是希臘聯(lián)軍里最英勇善戰的驍將,傳說(shuō)他是希臘密耳彌多涅斯人的國王珀琉斯和海神的女兒西蒂斯所生的兒子。阿基里斯呱呱墜地以后,母親想使兒子健壯永生,把他放在火里鍛煉,又捏著(zhù)他的腳踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。
因此阿基里斯渾身象鋼筋鐵骨,刀槍不入,只有腳踵部位被母親的手捏住,沒(méi)有沾到冥河圣水,成為他的唯一要害。在特洛伊戰爭中,太陽(yáng)神阿波羅(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱點(diǎn)告訴了特洛伊王子帕里斯,阿基里斯終于被帕里斯誘到城門(mén)口,用暗箭射中他的腳踵,負傷而死。
因此, the Achilles' heel,常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault; the weakest spot等意思。The Achilles Heel of Achilles is "of first-teamers", is widely popular in Europe, The international idiom. The coalition is Greek Achilles courageous troops, legend he was renewed Greek peleus micah of more solid and daughter born the son of west di. When Achilles leash, mother wants to make her son robust life, put him in the fire, and the exercise of his fall in hades first-teamers river Styx (holy) soak. Therefore, as TieGu steel body Achilles first-teamers bulletproof, only by the mother's hand, not to hold water, can become his river, the key. In the Trojan war, Apollo (Achilles) the weakness of Apollo told the Trojan prince of Troy, Achilles was finally Paris to the gate, he shot with snake first-teamers die, wounded. Achilles' heel and so on, were used for a shift in that business without otherwise fault, The weakest spot.。
一、源于歷史故事或歷史事件。
歷史上出現過(guò)眾多的著(zhù)名歷史故事或事件,后人常用一簡(jiǎn)潔說(shuō)法表達其內容,沿用久了就成了成語(yǔ)。如Sword damocles出自古代希臘的一則歷史故事。
業(yè)通古希臘歷史、文學(xué)的羅馬杰出作家與政論家西塞羅(106BC?3BC)在其論文《圖斯庫拉的談話(huà)》中寫(xiě)道:“紀元前4世紀西西里島上敘拉古的統治者狄?jiàn)W尼修斯一世(406BC?67BC)有個(gè)親信的佞叫達摩克里斯,他很羨慕帝王的豪華生活,常說(shuō):“君王是人世間最幸福的人”。狄?jiàn)W尼修斯為了教訓這個(gè)想得君位者,在一次宴會(huì )上,要他坐在國王的寶座上,當他猛然抬頭,只見(jiàn)頭頂上有一把用頭發(fā)懸著(zhù)的寶劍,隨時(shí)都刺到頭頂的危險。
他嚇得戰戰兢兢,如坐針氈,時(shí)刻提心吊膽,惶惶不安。由此便產(chǎn)生了“達摩克里斯的寶劍”這個(gè)成語(yǔ),它被用來(lái)比喻臨頭的危險或情況的危急,類(lèi)似于漢語(yǔ)的“千鈞一發(fā)”。
又如burn one's boats(bridges),此成語(yǔ)中的bridges為美國人所使用,原指古羅馬朱力斯·凱撒大軍乘船越過(guò)Rubicon后就把船燒了,以此向士兵指明后路已斷,不可能后退。現借用來(lái)比喻“不留后路,下定決心干到底”,同漢語(yǔ)的“破釜沉舟“。
二、源于寓言故事。寓言是用比喻的形式說(shuō)明一定的道理,是文學(xué)作品中最為短小精練的一種形式。
如kill the goose to get the eggs,源于希臘寓言,說(shuō)的是曾有一個(gè)鄉下人,因為發(fā)財心切殺死了自己飼養的那只能下金蛋的鵝,以為如此就可一次獲得全部想象中的金塊,但其結果一無(wú)所獲。現借比喻只貪圖眼前利益,沒(méi)有長(cháng)遠打算。
但漢語(yǔ)中不說(shuō)“殺鵝取卵”而說(shuō)“殺雞取卵”,喻體不同,因此漢譯時(shí)須遵循漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的搭配規律。又如Veper and File出自《伊索寓言》,說(shuō)的是一條蝰蛇(Viper)發(fā)現一把鐵銼(File),以為是一頓美餐。
但鐵銼說(shuō),它的天職是咬別人,而不是被別人咬。后人借此比喻“騙人者反受人騙”,漢譯時(shí)要作直譯或意譯處理。
三、源于神話(huà)故事。神話(huà)是關(guān)于神仙或神化的古代英雄的故事,是古代人們對自然現象和社會(huì )生活的一種天真的解釋和美好向往。
如rain cats and dogs,源于北歐神話(huà),貓對天氣有很大影響,英國水手至今說(shuō):“貓尾巴藏大風(fēng)”。據說(shuō)駕暴風(fēng)雨的巫士化為貓形。
狗是風(fēng)的信號,狗和狼都是暴風(fēng)雨神奧丁的隨從。在德國古畫(huà)中,風(fēng)被畫(huà)成狗頭和狼頭。
因此,貓被年作暴雨的象征,狗是伴隨暴雨的強風(fēng),to rain cats and dogs就是to rain heavily/hard,漢譯便為“下傾盆大到雨”。又如Analthea's horn,漢譯常為“豐饒的羊角”。
阿瑪爾忒亞(Amalthea),希臘祖籍中一神女,是宙斯(Zeus為主神,相當于羅馬神話(huà)中的朱庇特Jupiter)的保姆。嬰兒時(shí)宙斯由神女阿瑪爾忒亞喂以羊乳。
為了感思,宙斯敲下一羊角送給她。許諾讓羊角主人永遠豐饒。
四、傳說(shuō)。傳說(shuō)指的是人們口頭流傳下來(lái)的關(guān)于某人某事的敘述。
如swan song,據傳說(shuō),音樂(lè )之神阿波羅(Apollo)的靈魂進(jìn)入了一只天鵝,由此產(chǎn)生了畢達哥斯寓言:所有杰出詩(shī)人的靈魂都進(jìn)入天鵝體內。另?yè)鄠魈禊Z(swan)在臨終前唱的歌最優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽(tīng)。
后人就用swan song來(lái)比喻詩(shī)人、作曲家、演員等的“最后作品”,這也是其漢譯形式。又如Leave no stone unturned,相傳公元前447年波斯獎軍馬多尼奧斯在希臘的普拉蒂亞兵敗被殺后,留下一大批財寶在軍帳里。
底比斯的波利克拉特斯搜尋卻一無(wú)所獲,請示德?tīng)栰成裰I后知道要“翻轉所有的石頭”,最后找到了財寶。現借此比喻想方設法等,漢譯為“千方百計,想盡辦法”。
五、源于民間飛俗。如a bird of ill omen,源出古代占卜風(fēng)俗,延至今日,貓頭鷹、鸛則被視為吉祥鳥(niǎo))。
渡鳥(niǎo)嗅覺(jué)靈敏,能確定遠方死尸和腐尸地點(diǎn)。因此渡鳥(niǎo)象征死亡。
貓頭鷹在惡劣天氣來(lái)臨之前喊叫,而壞天氣常帶來(lái)疾病,故貓頭鷹被視為喪鳥(niǎo),陰森之鳥(niǎo)。后人以此比喻“不吉利的人,常帶來(lái)不幸消息的人”,漢譯也是如此。
又如a feather in your cap,漢譯為“值得榮耀的事、榮譽(yù)”。源于廣泛流行于亞洲和美洲印第安人當中的一種風(fēng)俗:每殺死一個(gè)敵人就在頭飾或帽子上加插一根羽毛。
古代呂西亞人和許多其他古人也有類(lèi)似風(fēng)俗,均以此來(lái)顯示戰績(jì)與榮譽(yù)。六、源于諺語(yǔ)。
諺語(yǔ)是在人閃中間流傳的固定語(yǔ)句,用簡(jiǎn)單通俗的話(huà)反映出深刻的道理,是社會(huì )生活經(jīng)驗的總結。如birds of a feather,birds of a feather flock together.即“物以類(lèi)聚,人以群分”,轉義為“一丘之貉”。
在《魯迅全集》中有這樣一句:“增加混亂的倒是有些悲觀(guān)論者……將一切作者詆為‘一丘之貉’”。其英譯為In fact it is these pessimists who increase the chaos by…considering all writers birds of a feather.又如 early bird,其漢澤為“早起者,早到的人”,源出諺語(yǔ)The early bird gets/catches the worm.意為“捷足先登(得),先下手為強”。
比較First come,first served.意指“先到的先招待”,與前一個(gè)有所不同。七、源于某些作品。
英語(yǔ)中有較好的成語(yǔ)出自某些作品,有的是原封未動(dòng)的摘引,有的是節縮而成。如wash one's hands of a thing,可譯為“洗手不干……;與……斷絕關(guān)系”。
出自《馬太福音》,猶太巡撫彼拉多主持審判耶穌,由于他。
A poor pig
Danny is a little pig . He is unhappy because he wants to leave home to see the world .
It's a sunny day . Danny goes away when his parents are sleeping . on his way he meets an elephant , a peacock and a rabbit . At last , he gets to a lake . He looks at his reflection in the water and says, “I wish I have an elephant's nose , a peacock's tail and a rabbit's ears .” after a while , Danny's wish comes true . He runs back excitedly .
But his parents can't recognize Danny , “Go away , you're not our son .” Danny goes to the lake again . “ I just want to be a pig .” He says sadly .Danny waits and waits . He becomes a pig again .
Danny runs back quickly . His parents hug and say , “ This is our lovely baby .”
可憐的小豬
丹尼是只小豬,為此他很不開(kāi)心,他希望自己能夠擁有大象的鼻子、孔雀的尾巴、小兔的耳朵。可是,當他的愿望實(shí)現的時(shí)候,爸爸媽媽卻不認他了。可憐的小豬決定,還是變回自己原來(lái)的樣子吧。。
很好的故事,祝愿你能有好成績(jì)。
畫(huà)蛇添足 An official of the ancient State of Chu awarded a pot of wine to his men after the ceremony of Spring Sacrifice. One man said, “We have only one pot of wine. It's not enough for all of us but sufficient for one. Let's determine who'll have the wine by drawing a snake on the ground. He who finishes first will have the wine.” The others agreed. Very soon, one man finished his snake. He was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing. He said complacently,“How slowly you are! I still have enough time to add feet to my snke.” But before he finished the feet, another man finished his snke and grabbed the pot from him, saying,“Whoever has seen a snake with feet? Yours is not a snke. So the wine should be mine!” He drank the wine. The man adding the feet to the snake had to give in and could only regret his foolishness. 楚國有一個(gè)官員,在春天祭過(guò)了祖宗之后,便將一壺酒賞給他的辦事人員喝。
有人提議:“我們只有一壺酒,肯定不夠我們大家喝的,一個(gè)人喝倒是綽綽有余。我們每人在地上畫(huà)一條蛇,誰(shuí)畫(huà)得最快,就把這壺酒給他。”
大家都同意了。 有一個(gè)人很快就把蛇畫(huà)好了。
他正打算喝這壺酒時(shí),看見(jiàn)別人都還忙著(zhù)畫(huà)呢。他就得意揚揚地說(shuō):“你們畫(huà)得好慢呀,等我再畫(huà)上幾只腳吧!” 他的蛇腳還沒(méi)畫(huà)完,另一個(gè)人已經(jīng)把蛇畫(huà)好了。
那人把酒壺奪了過(guò)去說(shuō):“有誰(shuí)見(jiàn)過(guò)長(cháng)腳的蛇?你畫(huà)的不是蛇,這壺酒應該是我的了。”說(shuō)罷,就喝起酒來(lái)。
那個(gè)給蛇畫(huà)腳的人沒(méi)辦法,只能懊悔自己的愚蠢。一鳴驚人 In the Warring States Period, Duke Wei of Qi neglected state affairs, for the first three years of his reign, giving himself over to dissipation. One of his ministers, Chun Yukun who had a good sense of humour, said to him: 'There is a big bird which has neither taken wing nor sung for three years.' The duke answered, 'Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world.' The duke thereupon devoted himself to his duties and built his state up into a powerful one. 戰國時(shí)代,齊威王即位后做了三年國君,只顧享樂(lè ),不理政事。
有個(gè)善于說(shuō)笑話(huà)的人叫淳于髡,一天對齊威王說(shuō):“城里有一只大鳥(niǎo),三年不飛也不叫,你知道這是什么道理?”齊威王說(shuō):“這鳥(niǎo)不飛則罷,一飛就沖天;不鳴則罷,一鳴就驚人。”在淳于髡的激發(fā)下,齊威王開(kāi)始治理國家,取得很大成績(jì),齊國的聲威一直保持了幾十年。
杞人憂(yōu)天 In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the State of Qi there was a man who always let his imagination run away with him. One day he even worried that the sky would fall on his head. He was so worried that he could neither eat nor sleep. Later, someone persuaded him that his fears were Ground-less. 春秋時(shí)代,杞國有一個(gè)喜歡胡思亂想的人。一天,他竟然想到,天會(huì )塌下來(lái),地會(huì )陷下去,自己到哪里去安身?這個(gè)人越想越害怕,整天愁眉苦臉,坐立不安,白天吃不下飯,晚上睡不著(zhù)覺(jué)。
后來(lái)有人耐心地開(kāi)到他,他才放下了心。精衛填海 Once upon a time, the youngest daughter of Emperor Yan, legendary ruler of primitive China, went boating on the Eastern Sea. While she was enjoying herself, a strong wind rose on the sea and her boat capsized. Just before she was buried by the surging waves, her spirit turned into a beautiful bird. As it flew over the roaring sea, it cried sadly in the sound "jinwei, jingwei". That was why people called it "Jingwei". The bird lived on a mountain near the sea. It hated the sea so much that it decided to fill it up. Every day, it flew to and fro between the mountain and the sea, carrying in a twig or a pebble from the mountain and dropping it into the sea. One day, the roaring sea said to Jingwei, "Poor little bird, stop doing that meaningless thing! You'll never fill me up." Jingwei replied, "I'll fill you up no doubt! I will, even if it'll take me thousands of years! I'll fight on until doomsday!" The brave little bird kept carrying twigs and pebbles from the mountain to the Eastern Sea without taking a rest. From this fable comes the idiom "The bird Jingwei trying to fill the sea". We use it to describe people who are firm and indomitable and will not stop until they reach their goal. 從前,炎帝(傳說(shuō)中中國原始社會(huì )的統治者)的小女兒在東海上劃船。
正當她劃得高興時(shí),海面上突然升起一陣大風(fēng),把她的小船弄翻了。就在她要被洶涌的波浪吞 沒(méi)時(shí),她的靈魂變成了一只美麗的小鳥(niǎo)。
它飛過(guò)那咆哮的海面,傷心的叫著(zhù)"精衛,精衛"的聲音。所以人們就叫她"精衛"。
精衛鳥(niǎo)住在靠海的一座山上。它非常恨大海,所以決心要把它填平。
它每天來(lái)回于山海之間,把從山上銜來(lái)的小樹(shù)枝和小石子扔在大海里。 一天,咆哮的大海對精衛說(shuō):"可憐的小鳥(niǎo),停止你那無(wú)謂的舉動(dòng)吧!你是永遠都填不平我的。
" 精衛回答說(shuō):"我當然會(huì )把。
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